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Another example of software development is customized off-the-shelf software (COTS). COTS is designed to meet the needs of a large segment of users in the same industry or those who perform the same type of tasks but are in different industries. Google Sheets or Microsoft Office are examples of customized off-the-shelf software products which address the needs of a vast category of users, regardless of their business domains.

Building a software product that caters to a large userbase is complex, not just on the development part, but also in areas such as requirement analysis, UI and UX design, database management, and IT security. A large group of non-developer communities but with working knowledge of software development, such as business analysts, product managers, general researchers, and UI and UX designers are required to complete and manage the software development process.

Although these two are major categories of software development project types, there are several factors that categorize them further such as the use of technologies like AI, coding efforts, computing capabilities, and cloud deployment. These factors add to the complexity of the software development, but at the same time, make it more effective for the users.

Modern software is laced with new technologies to make them more effective for users. These technologies are the highlight of the software, namely:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes such as reconnecting to past experiences and finding patterns to arrive at a decision or make recommendations. AI based software applications replicate the human intelligence processes to apply knowledge and find solutions autonomously. For example, AI-powered assistants, autonomous vehicles, facial recognition tools, industrial robots, and more.

Artificial Intelligence Software is a combination of tools and techniques such as training machine learning algorithms, image recognition tools, natural language processing, neural networks, and various other specialized hardware and software applications.

These tools and techniques allow the software to process a large amount of data for finding correlations, spotting anomalies, and determining patterns. High quality data and powerful machine learning algorithms allow the AI based applications to use these 3 major cognitive skills:

Learning: This aspect of AI programming focuses on the use of data and algorithms to emulate the human learning process in order to improve the accuracy of their predictions and recommendations.

AI-based software applications are used in various industries to perform detail-oriented, repetitive tasks to reduce the administrative workload, generate insight to improve on decision-making, and predict behavior and patterns to make recommendations.

IoT application development is the process of building software applications that transform data acquired from machines into valuable information. The application processes the data collected through the sensors over cloud to generate insight. This insight helps product owners learn to manage the product more effectively and ensure their optimal utilization.

Connected devices: These devices span over anything from medical devices to agriculture equipment, and automobiles to consumer electronics. Connected devices come with unique identifiers (UIDs), embedded systems such as sensors, processors, and communication hardware along with the ability to transfer data over a network without human interventions.

IoT Gateway: IoT gateway is a hardware or computer program that links connected devices to the Cloud or other data analytics systems. It allows bi-directional data flow between the connected devices and the cloud. The main role of an IoT gateway is to facilitate inter-device communication, device-to-cloud communications, data preprocessing, IoT device security, and Intelligent Edge.

Data System: This aspect of the IoT focuses on collecting, refining, and organizing data to get information out of them. The process begins with storing data to a centralized location and covers policies, practices, and procedures for full cycle data management, ensuring agility, security, and scalability.

IoT application development is about building applications that capture and manage the flow of data, from devices to applications via various types of IoT sensors and vice versa to keep the organizations and product owners informed, and the role of IoT application development companies is to collect that data seamlessly and generate insights that create value.

According to IBM, “Blockchain is a shared, immutable ledger” that enables users to record transactions and track the history of assets and transactions in the business network.

It covers both tangible and intangible assets varying from car, house, and cash to intellectual property rights, patents, copyrights, branding, etc. The fundamental components of blockchain technology are:

Distributed ledger: The access to the ledger is available to everyone in the network. Transactions in the ledger could be recorded only once, thus eliminating the chances of duplicate entries.

Immutable records: Blockchain uses cryptography which makes it extremely difficult to change or tamper with the record. In case of errors in a record, a new record can be added and both transactions would be visible to the participants.

Smart contracts: It is a set of rules and conditions stored on blockchain, applied on corporate bond transfer, including terms for insurance and more. Smart contracts are automatically verified and executed through a computer network.

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Transactions are recorded in the blockchain as a “block” of data. The data block represents an asset and could have any information required, including all the aspects of who, what, when, where, and how.

Each block of data is connected to the last and the next transaction, thus forming a chain of data in the proper sequence of transactions. No new blocks can be created in between the chain, and neither any information in the block could be altered by any participants, creating a highly trusted environment.

Blockchain is not a general purpose solution. It is only recommended when there are multiple participants having trust and integrity issues between them, when the order of transactions matters, or when the business logic is static, along with a few other scenarios.

Cloud native development refers to the concept of building applications in a cloud environment, using the benefits of distributed computing, including technologies such as Kubernetes, serverless functions, Docker, Kafka, and APIs. The development allows software developers to use reusable components called microservices, packed in containers, to reduce operational tasks, speed up development, and improve extensibility.

Cloud-based development enables software development teams to build applications in cloud-based environments supported by Platform as a Service (PaaS) platforms or integrated development environments (IDE). Most agencies today use cloud extensively and provided cloud-based development services.

Cloud-based environments support all the functions of software development and also provide access to an assortment of software development tools, APIs, microservices, and DevOps.

Low code platforms create a visual software development environment, allowing the developers to drag and drop components of software and piece them together to build mobile or web applications. It enables companies with small IT teams or developers with not that much experience or knowledge to build reliable applications with ease.

In addition to improving the affordability of building applications, web application development companies can help build platforms for low code development, reducing the need for extensive coding.

No code development addresses the need of business users to participate and contribute to the software development process, without gaining programming skills. The intended benefit of no code development is to bring in the expertise of business users to improve the user experience of the application.

Mobile application development is the process of building applications for small, portable devices like smartphones, tablets, and other hand-held devices. While it is a part of traditional software development, an important difference is that mobile applications are device specific.

Mobile application development companies have expertise in dealing with the aspects of a mobile devices that impact coding and UI design like the operating system, screen size, and computing capabilities.

There are two OS that dominate the industry and are used for app development- an Android app development company will use associated technologies to build apps running on Android OS while an iPhone app development company would use iOS OS

Modern software solutions are integrated with sophisticated analytical capabilities. These capabilities are built upon Cloud-based solutions and APIs that enable data exploration, automate predictive analytics, and build dashboards to aggregate and visualize data from various sources such as databases, locally hosted files, and web services.

According to INCOSE, “ Model based system engineering is an application of modeling to support requirements, design, analysis, verification and validation activities”, before the beginning of actual design. The analysis supports better requirement evaluation and accelerates from design to implementation.

Software development tools are computer programs that software developers use to build, test, debug, manage, and maintain software applications. However, since software development is not only about programming, and managing tasks, applying modern-age principles like DevOps is an integral part of the journey, there are several other types of tools that are used to manage the overall project.

Programming tools enable software developers to write computer programs in programming languages such as Java, C+, C#, Python, Golang, etc. that translate a program from a human readable and writable source language into bits and bytes to be executed by computers.